shrutis(microtones) in indian classical music

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shrutis(microtones) in indian classical music shrutis(microtones) in indian classical music

Topic started by dr. krishna gandhi (@ 61.0.100.110) on Fri Jan 18 06:56:04 .
All times in EST +10:30 for IST.

There is still lot of confusion regarding the exact distribution of the 22 shrutis in one octave One version claims they are sa-4,re-3,ga-2,ma-4,pa-4,dha-3,ni-2. That is there are 4 shrutis between sa and re, 3 between re and ga and so on.But there are other claims also. Even if we assume the popular version of the distribution given here, the exact harmonic ratios of the shrutis to the basic sa note is yet to be unambiguously determined. I invite knowledeable persons to enlighten on the exact ratios of the shrutis to sa which may be taken as 1. For a start the most harmonic notes to sa in decreasing order of harmonicity on the higher side
can be expressed as (n+1)/n where n=1,2,3,...and the most harmonic notes on the lower side can be given by n/(n+1) where n=1,2,3,...Thus on the higher side we get pa=3/2, followed by ma=4/3,ga=5/4, komal ga=6/5 etc.. and on the lower side by ma=2/3, followed by pa=3/4, kpmal dha=4/5, dha=5/6 ........ The rest of the shrutis can be obtained taking simple ratios of these among themselves. I invite a discussion on this yet to be unravelled topic of Indian music.

Responses:

From: nick (@ host.sumitomomarine.co.uk) on: Fri Jan 18 09:04:23

It is very confusing to the unitiated, but surely there are actually only 12 srutis in one octave just as in the chromatic scale, it's just that a number of them have two or more names.
From: Nadopasaka (@ pppa5-resalefallschurch2-1r7151.dialinx.net) on: Fri Jan 18 12:12:26

Dwavimsat ( 22 ) srutis in Carnatic music are distinct in frequency as table shows.
symbol freq. ratio
1. Shadja sa 1
2. Ekasruti Rishabha ra, r1 256/243
3. Dvisruti Rishabha ri, r2 16/15
4. Trisruti Rishabha ru, r3 10/9
5. Chatussruti Rishabha re, r4 9/8
6. Suddha Gandhara
also Komal Sadharana Gandhara ga, g1 32/27
7. Sadharana Gandhara gi, g2 6/5
8. Antara Gandhara gu, g3 5/4
9. Chyuta Madhyama Gandhara
also Pythagorean Major 3rd ge, g4 81/64
10.Suddha Madhyama ma,m1 4/3
11.Tivra Suddha madhyama mi,m2 27/20
12.Prati Madhyama mu,m3 45/32
13.Chyuta Panchama Madhyama me,m4 729/512 and 64/45
14.Panchama pa 3/2
15.Ekasruti Dhaivata dha,d1 128/81
16.Dvisruti Dhaivata dhi,d2 8/5
17.Trisruti Dhaivata dhu,d3 5/3
18.Chatusruti Dhaivata
also Pythagorean Major 6th dhe,d4 27/16
19.Suddha Nishada
also Komala Kaisiki Nishada na,n1 16/9
20.Kaisiki Nishada ni,n2 9/5
21.Kakali Nishada nu,n3 15/8
22.Chyuta Shadja Nishada
also Tivra Kakali Nishada
also Pythagorean Major 7th ne,n4 243/128
From: nick (@ host.sumitomomarine.co.uk) on: Mon Jan 21 09:22:12

Oh, so each really is different, not just the name.
From: Jayendran Swaminathan (@ 207-171-180-101.amazon.com) on: Fri Mar 1 16:05:47

article explaining the 22 shrutis:
http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/Strasse/5926/section3_3.htm#SECTION0003000000000000000

the shruti frequecy table in equal temperment terminology (one oct=1200 cents):
http://www.geocities.com/Vienna/Stage/2225/articles/sruthis.html

J
From: Lakshman (@ 64.187.33.190) on: Fri Mar 1 17:13:53

Here is a slightly different way of lookig at it.

The Karnatak (just temperament) scale and the Western (equal temperament ) scale compared.

Coulmn 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5

0 C Sa 0 0
1 C# Ri 1 90
2 Dbb Ri 2 112
3 Db Ri 3 100 182
4 D Ri 4 200 204
5 D# Ga 1 244
6 Eb Ga 2 300 316
7 E Ga 3 400 386
8 Fb Ga 4 408
9 F Ma 1 500 498
10 F# Ma 2 600 520
11 Gbb Ma 3 590
12 Gb Ma 4 610
13 G Pa 700 710
14 G# Dha 1 792
15 Abb Dha 2 814
16 Ab Dha 3 889
17 A Dha 4 900 906
18 A# Ni 1 996
19 Bb Ni 2 1000 1018
20 B Ni 3 1088
21 Cb Ni 4 1110
22 C Sa* 1200 1200

Column 1 : Serial # of the microtone or Shruti
Column 2 : Scale of C (Western)
Column 3 : Indian notation symbol (Karnatak)
Column 4 : Cyclic cents (Western - Tempered scale)
Column 5 : Cyclic cents (Indian - Just scale)
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From: rockin (@ 202.68.154.210) on: Mon Dec 15 14:38:47 EST 2003

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From: valli (@ ) on: Sun Oct 31 01:53:15

hi,
i am an architecture student. i am doing my final year project on "MUSIC IN ARHCITETCURE".my idea is to relate musical ratios and architectural proportions.but i am not basically a muisc student. i want to know about musical ratios in carnatic music.

anybody can help me for my project.
i will be very useful for me to proceed in my topic.
thank you
valli

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